Hukum Memberi Salam Kepada Orang Bukan Islam
Imam Muslim meriwayatkan sebuah hadis daripada Abi Hurairah bahawa Rasulullah saw bersabda:
لا تبدأوا اليهود ولا النصارى بالسلام فإذا لقيتم أحدهم في طريق فاضطروه إلى أضيقه
Maksudnya: “Janganlah kamu mulakan orang-orang Yahudi dan juga orang Nasrani dengan salam. Justeru itu, sekiranya kamu menemui seseorang mereka di jalan tolaklah mereka ke jalan yang paling sempit.
Ulama berbeza pendapat dalam menyelusuri fiqh (kefahaman) hadis ini. Kebanyakan mereka memutuskan bahawa haram memulakan ucapan salam kepada mereka. Sebahagian pula berkata ianya tidak haram tetapi makruh.
Seorang fuqaha iaitu Abu Sa`ad berpendapat, sekiranya seorang muslim ingin memberi ucapan hormat kepada bukan Islam dia boleh melakukannya dengan lafaz yang lain daripada lafaz salam. Contohnya dengan menyebut: (هداك الله ) maksudnya moga Allah memberi hidayah kepada kamu atau (أنعم الله صباحك) maksudnya moga Allah memberi anugerah di waktu pagimu ini. Imam Nawawi menyetujui pendapat ini tetapi dengan tambahan: sekiranya ianya diperlu. Antara contoh ucapannya bagi Imam Nawawi ialah ucapan selamat pagi, pagi yang bahagia, pagi yang baik, moga Allah kurniakan kamu dengan kebahagian di waktu pagi, atau nikmat di waktu pagi dan seumpamanya. Sekiranya tidak perlu maka pilihannya ialah jangan mengucapkan apa-apa. (Nawawi, al-Azkar, Dar al-Khayr, hlm. 311)
Pandangan ini bagi saya sesuai diamalkan oleh umat Islam di Malaysia pada hari ini. Mereka boleh menyatakan selamat pagi kepada bukan Islam tanda penghormatan, atau berdoa moga Allah bagi hidayah atau seumpamanya. Ucapan-ucapan ini boleh mendekatkan mereka dengan bukan Islam sebagai satu pendekatan dakwah.
Imam Bukhari dan Muslim meriwayatkan hadis daripada Anas bin Malik katanya, Rasulullah saw bersabda:
إذا سلم عليكم أهل الكتاب فقولوا وعليكم
Maksudnya: “Apabila kamu diberi salam oleh ahli Kitab, jawablah “wa`alaikum”.
Imam Bukhari pula meriwayatkan daripada Ibn `Umar –radiyallahu `anhuma- katanya; Rasulullah saw bersabda:
إذا سلم عليكم اليهود فإنما يقول أحدهم السام عليك فقل وعليك
Maksudnya: “Apabila kamu diberi salam oleh Yahudi, mereka hanya menyatakan Assaamu `alaikum (mampuslah kamu), maka jawablah: wa `alaik (dank e atas kamu juga).
Daripada kedua-dua hadis diatas para fuqaha mengambil hokum apabila seorang muslim diberi salam oleh bukan Islam, jawapan yang diberi ialah wa `alaik atau wa `alaikum (dan ke atas kamu juga).
Imam Mawardi menghikayatkan satu wajah di kalangan ashab Syafie iaitu harus memulakan salam kepada bukan Islam dengan menyebut Assalamu `Alaik sahaja bukannya Assalamu `Alaikum. Begitu juga boleh menjawab salam mereka dengan Wa `Alaikum Salam, tapi tidak menyebut warahmatullah. Imam Nawawi menegaskan bahawa kedua-dua pendapat ini adalah janggal dan ditolak. (Nawawi, al-Azkar, Dar al-Khayr, hlm. 311)
Kesimpulan perbahasan di atas ialah ucapan salam adalah ucapan khusus untuk umat islam. Justeru, untuk bukan Islam tidak perlu digunakan lafaz salam tetapi boleh digunakan lafaz-lafaz penghormatan yang lain.
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